Merge pull request #5348 from Kelimion/get_env_buffer

Get env buffer

18 files changed, 480 insertions, 47 deletions

diff --git a/core/os/env_windows.odin b/core/os/env_windows.odin
index efd002342..ef658b0a1 100644
--- a/core/os/env_windows.odin
+++ b/core/os/env_windows.odin
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import "base:runtime"
 // Otherwise the returned value will be empty and the boolean will be false
 // NOTE: the value will be allocated with the supplied allocator
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	if key == "" {
 		return
 	}
@@ -29,17 +29,54 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 	return
 }
 
+// This version of `lookup_env` doesn't allocate and instead requires the user to provide a buffer.
+// Note that it is limited to environment names and values of 512 utf-16 values each
+// due to the necessary utf-8 <> utf-16 conversion.
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	key_buf: [513]u16
+	wkey := win32.utf8_to_wstring(key_buf[:], key)
+	if wkey == nil {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	}
+
+	n2 := win32.GetEnvironmentVariableW(wkey, nil, 0)
+	if n2 == 0 {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	}
+
+	val_buf: [513]u16
+	n2 = win32.GetEnvironmentVariableW(wkey, raw_data(val_buf[:]), u32(len(val_buf[:])))
+	if n2 == 0 {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else if int(n2) > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	}
+
+	value = win32.utf16_to_utf8(buf, val_buf[:n2])
+
+	return value, nil
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
 
 // get_env retrieves the value of the environment variable named by the key
 // It returns the value, which will be empty if the variable is not present
 // To distinguish between an empty value and an unset value, use lookup_env
 // NOTE: the value will be allocated with the supplied allocator
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+
 // set_env sets the value of the environment variable named by the key
 set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> Error {
 	k := win32.utf8_to_wstring(key)
diff --git a/core/os/errors.odin b/core/os/errors.odin
index 691397f4b..bf4cf27ff 100644
--- a/core/os/errors.odin
+++ b/core/os/errors.odin
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ General_Error :: enum u32 {
 
 	File_Is_Pipe,
 	Not_Dir,
+
+	// Environment variable not found.
+	Env_Var_Not_Found,
 }
 
 
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ error_string :: proc "contextless" (ferr: Error) -> string {
 		case .Pattern_Has_Separator: return "pattern has separator"
 		case .File_Is_Pipe:      return "file is pipe"
 		case .Not_Dir:           return "file is not directory"
+		case .Env_Var_Not_Found: return "environment variable not found"
 		}
 	case io.Error:
 		switch e {
diff --git a/core/os/os2/env.odin b/core/os/os2/env.odin
index 7d42b040d..310d45af1 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/env.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/env.odin
@@ -3,25 +3,47 @@ package os2
 import "base:runtime"
 import "core:strings"
 
-// get_env retrieves the value of the environment variable named by the key
+// `get_env` retrieves the value of the environment variable named by the key
 // It returns the value, which will be empty if the variable is not present
 // To distinguish between an empty value and an unset value, use lookup_env
 // NOTE: the value will be allocated with the supplied allocator
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> string {
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> string {
 	value, _ := lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return value
 }
 
-// lookup_env gets the value of the environment variable named by the key
+// `get_env` retrieves the value of the environment variable named by the key
+// It returns the value, which will be empty if the variable is not present
+// To distinguish between an empty value and an unset value, use lookup_env
+// NOTE: this version takes a backing buffer for the string value
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> string {
+	value, _ := lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return value
+}
+
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+// `lookup_env` gets the value of the environment variable named by the key
 // If the variable is found in the environment the value (which can be empty) is returned and the boolean is true
 // Otherwise the returned value will be empty and the boolean will be false
 // NOTE: the value will be allocated with the supplied allocator
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
-	return _lookup_env(key, allocator)
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+	return _lookup_env_alloc(key, allocator)
 }
 
+// This version of `lookup_env` doesn't allocate and instead requires the user to provide a buffer.
+// Note that it is limited to environment names and values of 512 utf-16 values each
+// due to the necessary utf-8 <> utf-16 conversion.
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	return _lookup_env_buf(buf, key)
+}
+
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buf}
+
 // set_env sets the value of the environment variable named by the key
 // Returns Error on failure
 set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> Error {
diff --git a/core/os/os2/env_linux.odin b/core/os/os2/env_linux.odin
index 2ed43dd91..e003b0717 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/env_linux.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/env_linux.odin
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ _lookup :: proc(key: string) -> (value: string, idx: int) {
 	return "", -1
 }
 
-_lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+_lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	if intrinsics.atomic_load_explicit(&_org_env_begin, .Acquire) == 0 {
 		_build_env()
 	}
@@ -53,6 +53,23 @@ _lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string
 	return
 }
 
+_lookup_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if intrinsics.atomic_load_explicit(&_org_env_begin, .Acquire) == 0 {
+		_build_env()
+	}
+
+	if v, idx := _lookup(key); idx != -1 {
+		if len(buf) >= len(v) {
+			copy(buf, v)
+			return string(buf[:len(v)]), nil
+		}
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	}
+	return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+}
+
+_lookup_env :: proc{_lookup_env_alloc, _lookup_env_buf}
+
 _set_env :: proc(key, v_new: string) -> Error {
 	if intrinsics.atomic_load_explicit(&_org_env_begin, .Acquire) == 0 {
 		_build_env()
diff --git a/core/os/os2/env_posix.odin b/core/os/os2/env_posix.odin
index 13682f76b..84500d139 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/env_posix.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/env_posix.odin
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import "base:runtime"
 import "core:strings"
 import "core:sys/posix"
 
-_lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+_lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	if key == "" {
 		return
 	}
@@ -26,6 +26,36 @@ _lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string
 	return
 }
 
+_lookup_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, error: Error) {
+	if key == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	cval := posix.getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))
+	if cval == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if value = string(cval); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+_lookup_env :: proc{_lookup_env_alloc, _lookup_env_buf}
+
 _set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> (err: Error) {
 	temp_allocator := TEMP_ALLOCATOR_GUARD({})
 
diff --git a/core/os/os2/env_wasi.odin b/core/os/os2/env_wasi.odin
index faa54e36b..b126d014e 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/env_wasi.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/env_wasi.odin
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ delete_string_if_not_original :: proc(str: string) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-_lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+_lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	if err := build_env(); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -79,6 +79,34 @@ _lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string
 	return
 }
 
+_lookup_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, error: Error) {
+	if key == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	sync.shared_guard(&g_env_mutex)
+
+	val, ok := g_env[key]
+
+	if !ok {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(val) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, val)
+			return string(buf[:len(val)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+_lookup_env :: proc{_lookup_env_alloc, _lookup_env_buf}
+
 @(require_results)
 _set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> (err: Error) {
 	build_env() or_return
diff --git a/core/os/os2/env_windows.odin b/core/os/os2/env_windows.odin
index 6bfde34bb..55b2bb5ee 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/env_windows.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/env_windows.odin
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package os2
 import win32 "core:sys/windows"
 import "base:runtime"
 
-_lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+_lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	if key == "" {
 		return
 	}
@@ -36,6 +36,36 @@ _lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator: runtime.Allocator) -> (value: string
 	return
 }
 
+// This version of `lookup_env` doesn't allocate and instead requires the user to provide a buffer.
+// Note that it is limited to environment names and values of 512 utf-16 values each
+// due to the necessary utf-8 <> utf-16 conversion.
+@(require_results)
+_lookup_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	key_buf: [513]u16
+	wkey := win32.utf8_to_wstring(key_buf[:], key)
+	if wkey == nil {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	}
+
+	n2 := win32.GetEnvironmentVariableW(wkey, nil, 0)
+	if n2 == 0 {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	}
+
+	val_buf: [513]u16
+	n2 = win32.GetEnvironmentVariableW(wkey, raw_data(val_buf[:]), u32(len(val_buf[:])))
+	if n2 == 0 {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else if int(n2) > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	}
+
+	value = win32.utf16_to_utf8(buf, val_buf[:n2])
+
+	return value, nil
+}
+_lookup_env :: proc{_lookup_env_alloc, _lookup_env_buf}
+
 _set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> Error {
 	temp_allocator := TEMP_ALLOCATOR_GUARD({})
 	k := win32_utf8_to_wstring(key,   temp_allocator) or_return
diff --git a/core/os/os2/errors.odin b/core/os/os2/errors.odin
index a73aee9a6..1cf7d765c 100644
--- a/core/os/os2/errors.odin
+++ b/core/os/os2/errors.odin
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ General_Error :: enum u32 {
 	Pattern_Has_Separator,
 
 	No_HOME_Variable,
-	Wordexp_Failed,
+	Env_Var_Not_Found,
 
 	Unsupported,
 }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ error_string :: proc(ferr: Error) -> string {
 		case .Unsupported:            return "unsupported"
 		case .Pattern_Has_Separator:  return "pattern has separator"
 		case .No_HOME_Variable:       return "no $HOME variable"
-		case .Wordexp_Failed:         return "posix.wordexp was unable to expand"
+		case .Env_Var_Not_Found:      return "environment variable not found"
 		}
 	case io.Error:
 		switch e {
diff --git a/core/os/os_darwin.odin b/core/os/os_darwin.odin
index bbffc46d7..b247b1000 100644
--- a/core/os/os_darwin.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_darwin.odin
@@ -1055,9 +1055,10 @@ flush :: proc(fd: Handle) -> Error {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
+	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
 	cstr := _unix_getenv(path_str)
 	if cstr == nil {
 		return "", false
@@ -1066,11 +1067,39 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
 set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> Error {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD()
 	key_cstring := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
diff --git a/core/os/os_freebsd.odin b/core/os/os_freebsd.odin
index f2ee6a496..a4c3c819e 100644
--- a/core/os/os_freebsd.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_freebsd.odin
@@ -827,10 +827,10 @@ access :: proc(path: string, mask: int) -> (bool, Error) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
-
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
+	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
 	cstr := _unix_getenv(path_str)
 	if cstr == nil {
 		return "", false
@@ -839,12 +839,40 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
 @(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+@(require_results)
 get_current_directory :: proc(allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
 	context.allocator = allocator
 	// NOTE(tetra): I would use PATH_MAX here, but I was not able to find
diff --git a/core/os/os_haiku.odin b/core/os/os_haiku.odin
index 4ce726965..82ead06ab 100644
--- a/core/os/os_haiku.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_haiku.odin
@@ -463,9 +463,10 @@ access :: proc(path: string, mask: int) -> (bool, Error) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
+	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
 	cstr := _unix_getenv(path_str)
 	if cstr == nil {
 		return "", false
@@ -474,11 +475,40 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+
 @(private, require_results)
 _processor_core_count :: proc() -> int {
 	info: haiku.system_info
diff --git a/core/os/os_js.odin b/core/os/os_js.odin
index adb0f8061..1870218d3 100644
--- a/core/os/os_js.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_js.odin
@@ -250,11 +250,26 @@ current_thread_id :: proc "contextless" () -> int {
 	return 0
 }
 
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	return "", false
 }
 
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
-	value, _ := lookup_env(key, allocator)
-	return value
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
+	return
+}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/os/os_linux.odin b/core/os/os_linux.odin
index 84a7f7b32..c14f573bf 100644
--- a/core/os/os_linux.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_linux.odin
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ access :: proc(path: string, mask: int) -> (bool, Error) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
 	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
@@ -958,11 +958,39 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
 set_env :: proc(key, value: string) -> Error {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD()
 	key_cstring := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
diff --git a/core/os/os_netbsd.odin b/core/os/os_netbsd.odin
index 40b41b133..d1e030e8e 100644
--- a/core/os/os_netbsd.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_netbsd.odin
@@ -874,10 +874,10 @@ access :: proc(path: string, mask: int) -> (bool, Error) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
-
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
+	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
 	cstr := _unix_getenv(path_str)
 	if cstr == nil {
 		return "", false
@@ -886,12 +886,40 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
 @(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+@(require_results)
 get_current_directory :: proc(allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
 	context.allocator = allocator
 	// NOTE(tetra): I would use PATH_MAX here, but I was not able to find
diff --git a/core/os/os_openbsd.odin b/core/os/os_openbsd.odin
index d90e51e13..993bff252 100644
--- a/core/os/os_openbsd.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_openbsd.odin
@@ -787,9 +787,10 @@ access :: proc(path: string, mask: int) -> (bool, Error) {
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	runtime.DEFAULT_TEMP_ALLOCATOR_TEMP_GUARD(ignore = context.temp_allocator == allocator)
 	path_str := strings.clone_to_cstring(key, context.temp_allocator)
+	// NOTE(tetra): Lifetime of 'cstr' is unclear, but _unix_free(cstr) segfaults.
 	cstr := _unix_getenv(path_str)
 	if cstr == nil {
 		return "", false
@@ -798,12 +799,40 @@ lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: strin
 }
 
 @(require_results)
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	if len(key) + 1 > len(buf) {
+		return "", .Buffer_Full
+	} else {
+		copy(buf, key)
+	}
+
+	if value = string(_unix_getenv(cstring(raw_data(buf)))); value == "" {
+		return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+	} else {
+		if len(value) > len(buf) {
+			return "", .Buffer_Full
+		} else {
+			copy(buf, value)
+			return string(buf[:len(value)]), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
 	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
 	return
 }
 
 @(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
+
+@(require_results)
 get_current_directory :: proc(allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
 	context.allocator = allocator
 	buf := make([dynamic]u8, MAX_PATH)
diff --git a/core/os/os_wasi.odin b/core/os/os_wasi.odin
index a0938e860..4039d247b 100644
--- a/core/os/os_wasi.odin
+++ b/core/os/os_wasi.odin
@@ -240,11 +240,26 @@ exit :: proc "contextless" (code: int) -> ! {
 	wasi.proc_exit(wasi.exitcode_t(code))
 }
 
-lookup_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string, found: bool) {
 	return "", false
 }
 
-get_env :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
-	value, _ := lookup_env(key, allocator)
-	return value
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+@(require_results)
+lookup_env_buffer :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string, err: Error) {
+	return "", .Env_Var_Not_Found
+}
+lookup_env :: proc{lookup_env_alloc, lookup_env_buffer}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_alloc :: proc(key: string, allocator := context.allocator) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(key, allocator)
+	return
+}
+
+@(require_results)
+get_env_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, key: string) -> (value: string) {
+	value, _ = lookup_env(buf, key)
+	return
+}
+get_env :: proc{get_env_alloc, get_env_buf}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/sys/windows/util.odin b/core/sys/windows/util.odin
index 2db55c4fe..30eecf8a1 100644
--- a/core/sys/windows/util.odin
+++ b/core/sys/windows/util.odin
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ LANGIDFROMLCID :: #force_inline proc "contextless" (lcid: LCID) -> LANGID {
 	return LANGID(lcid)
 }
 
-utf8_to_utf16 :: proc(s: string, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> []u16 {
+utf8_to_utf16_alloc :: proc(s: string, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> []u16 {
 	if len(s) < 1 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -101,14 +101,42 @@ utf8_to_utf16 :: proc(s: string, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> []u16 {
 	}
 	return text[:n]
 }
-utf8_to_wstring :: proc(s: string, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> wstring {
+
+utf8_to_utf16_buf :: proc(buf: []u16, s: string) -> []u16 {
+	n1 := MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, raw_data(s), i32(len(s)), nil, 0)
+	if n1 == 0 {
+		return nil
+	} else if int(n1) > len(buf) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	n1 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, raw_data(s), i32(len(s)), raw_data(buf[:]), n1)
+	if n1 == 0 {
+		return nil
+	} else if int(n1) > len(buf) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return buf[:n1]
+}
+utf8_to_utf16 :: proc{utf8_to_utf16_alloc, utf8_to_utf16_buf}
+
+utf8_to_wstring_alloc :: proc(s: string, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> wstring {
 	if res := utf8_to_utf16(s, allocator); len(res) > 0 {
 		return raw_data(res)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-wstring_to_utf8 :: proc(s: wstring, N: int, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> (res: string, err: runtime.Allocator_Error) {
+utf8_to_wstring_buf :: proc(buf: []u16, s: string) -> wstring {
+	if res := utf8_to_utf16(buf, s); len(res) > 0 {
+		return raw_data(res)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+utf8_to_wstring :: proc{utf8_to_wstring_alloc, utf8_to_wstring_buf}
+
+wstring_to_utf8_alloc :: proc(s: wstring, N: int, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> (res: string, err: runtime.Allocator_Error) {
 	context.allocator = allocator
 
 	if N == 0 {
@@ -142,13 +170,49 @@ wstring_to_utf8 :: proc(s: wstring, N: int, allocator := context.temp_allocator)
 	return string(text[:n]), nil
 }
 
-utf16_to_utf8 :: proc(s: []u16, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> (res: string, err: runtime.Allocator_Error) {
+wstring_to_utf8_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, s: wstring) -> (res: string) {
+	n := WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, s, -1, nil, 0, nil, nil)
+	if n == 0 {
+		return
+	} else if int(n) > len(buf) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	n2 := WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, WC_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, s, -1, raw_data(buf), n, nil, nil)
+	if n2 == 0 {
+		return
+	} else if int(n2) > len(buf) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for i in 0..<n2 {
+		if buf[i] == 0 {
+			n2 = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return string(buf[:n2])
+}
+
+wstring_to_utf8 :: proc{wstring_to_utf8_alloc, wstring_to_utf8_buf}
+
+utf16_to_utf8_alloc :: proc(s: []u16, allocator := context.temp_allocator) -> (res: string, err: runtime.Allocator_Error) {
 	if len(s) == 0 {
 		return "", nil
 	}
 	return wstring_to_utf8(raw_data(s), len(s), allocator)
 }
 
+utf16_to_utf8_buf :: proc(buf: []u8, s: []u16) -> (res: string) {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	return wstring_to_utf8(buf, raw_data(s))
+}
+
+utf16_to_utf8 :: proc{utf16_to_utf8_alloc, utf16_to_utf8_buf}
+
+
 // AdvAPI32, NetAPI32 and UserENV helpers.
 
 allowed_username :: proc(username: string) -> bool {
diff --git a/core/terminal/internal.odin b/core/terminal/internal.odin
index 485f6868d..44007e14f 100644
--- a/core/terminal/internal.odin
+++ b/core/terminal/internal.odin
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@ import "core:strings"
 // - [[ https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/terminfo.src.html ]]
 
 get_no_color :: proc() -> bool {
-	if no_color, ok := os.lookup_env("NO_COLOR"); ok {
-		defer delete(no_color)
+	buf: [128]u8
+	if no_color, err := os.lookup_env(buf[:], "NO_COLOR"); err == nil {
 		return no_color != ""
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
 get_environment_color :: proc() -> Color_Depth {
+	buf: [128]u8
 	// `COLORTERM` is non-standard but widespread and unambiguous.
-	if colorterm, ok := os.lookup_env("COLORTERM"); ok {
-		defer delete(colorterm)
+	if colorterm, err := os.lookup_env(buf[:], "COLORTERM"); err == nil {
 		// These are the only values that are typically advertised that have
 		// anything to do with color depth.
 		if colorterm == "truecolor" || colorterm == "24bit" {
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ get_environment_color :: proc() -> Color_Depth {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if term, ok := os.lookup_env("TERM"); ok {
-		defer delete(term)
+	if term, err := os.lookup_env(buf[:], "TERM"); err == nil {
 		if strings.contains(term, "-truecolor") {
 			return .True_Color
 		}