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//
// Odin v0.3 Demo
//
#import "fmt.odin";
main :: proc() {
/*
Minor features
--------------
* Lexical sugar
- ≠, ≤, ≥
* Label syntax change
name: for {
break name;
}
* `#no_alias` (replacing keyword `no_alias`)
* `#ordered` reimplemented
* "bits.odin"
* `default:` is replaced with `case:`
* XOR for booleans
* Bug fixes
* Removed Quaternion types quaternion128 & quaternion256
* `rune` is a core type - allowing for extra type information at runtime
* `byte` is removed - use `u8` instead (which it was an alias for)
*/
// 128 bit integers
{
x: u128 = 1234567890123;
y: u128 = 9876543210123;
z := (x * y) + x + y;
fmt.println(z);
a: i128 = +1234567890123;
b: i128 = -9876543210123;
c := (a * b) + a + b;
fmt.println(c);
}
// Divisor based modulo operator
{
x: i128 = -15;
y: i128 = 2;
fmt.println(x % y); // Dividend based
fmt.println(x %% y); // Divisor based
// a %% b == ((a % b) + b) % b;
}
// Casting syntax
{
// Casting operations have had their syntax change for simplicity and consistency
// Original:
// Regular cast: `cast(type) expr`
// Bit cast: `transmute(type) expr`
// Union cast: `union_cast(type) expr`
// Regular Cast
f: f32 = 123.321;
i := i32(f); // type(expr)
// Bit cast
fbits := transmute(u32, f);
// Type assertion - replaces `union_cast`
Entity :: union {
id: u64,
position: [vector 2]f32,
name: string,
Tree{leaf_count: int},
Frog{ribbit_volume: f32},
}
e: Entity;
e = Entity.Frog{ribbit_volume = 0.5, name = "Trevor"};
if frog, ok := e.(Entity.Frog); ok {
fmt.printf("%s the frog ribbits at %f\n", frog.name, frog.ribbit_volume);
}
// Panics if the type assertion fails
frog := e.(Entity.Frog);
{
// Type assertion can also be applied to `any`
foo: any = 123;
if i, ok := foo.(int); ok {
fmt.println("Foo =", i);
}
}
}
// Syntax changes
{
// Originally `^` was used to represent pointer types, pointer dereferencing, and addressing of variables
// The addressing of variable operation is not represented with `&`
// This is to make sure the concept of a pointer type is separate from that of a addressing
// it is also used for familiarity coming from other C-like languages
x: int = 123;
y: ^int = &x;
z: int = y^;
// This change also allows type casting to not require parentheses around the type for pointer evaluation
// and consitency with other operations
data := rawptr(&x);
int_ptr := ^int(data);
array: [10]int; // Type of the left
x = array[0]; // Usage on the right
ptr: ^int = &z; // Type of the left
x = ptr^; // Usage on the right
// Minor addition - member access through number
TupleLike :: struct{int, f32, string}; // Fields all anonymous
t: TupleLike;
t.0 = 123;
t.1 = 46.432;
t.2 = "Foo";
fmt.println(t);
}
// Bit fields
{
BoxProps :: bit_field {
opaque: 1,
fill_colour: 3,
_: 4,
show_border: 1,
_: 3,
border_style: 2,
_: 2,
width: 4,
height: 4,
};
props: BoxProps;
props.fill_colour = 4;
props.show_border = 1;
props.width = 12;
props.height = 10;
fmt.printf("Width: %d, Height: %d\n", props.width, props.height);
Float32Data :: bit_field #align 4 {
fraction: 23,
exponent: 8,
sign: 1,
}
f: f32 = -123.321;
data := transmute(Float32Data, f);
bits := transmute(u32, f);
fmt.printf("%#05x %#02x %v\n", data.fraction, data.exponent, bool(data.sign));
fmt.printf("%#08x\n", bits);
}
// Naming convention
{
// Odin has finally chose an official naming convention
// In general, PascalCase for types and snake_case for values
// Import Name: snake_case (but prefer single word)
// Types: PascalCase
// Union Variants: PascalCase
// Enum Values: PascalCase
// Procedures: snake_case
// Local Variables: snake_case
// Field Values: snake_case
// Constant Variables: SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE
}
// Goals for v0.4 and further
// * Compile as C++ and use some of its constructs for sanity e.g. overloading
// - Safe array with bounds checking
// - Map type for self documentation
// - u128 i128 acting like core types
// * Context system implemented as Implicit Parameter Passing (IPP) rather than Thread Local Storage (TLS)
// * Parameter Polymorphism
// - Type parameter is procedures and types
// * Decide upon a declaration syntax
// - Current Style (name: type;) vs Prefix Style (var name: type;)
// * Import system with a "solution" for packages/modules/libraries
// * Better foreign interfacing with C (and maybe C++)
// - Foreign variables
// * Documentation Generation System for code
// * General Documentation for Odin
// * Attributes
}
|
